Table of contents:
Element:
P.44. Evidence inferred from an utterance, a document or a deed.
P.44.1. Evidence inferred from grouping members of the same group together.
A. Legal source/authority and evidence:
Prosecutor v. Clément Kayishema and Obed Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, Judgement (TC), 21 May 1999, para. 294:
"294. On their way to the gathering places many witnesses saw roadblocks where the perpetrators separated Tutsis from the Hutus. Once the Tutsis reached these places they were injured, mutilated and some of the women were raped. In the end the Tutsis were massacred by Hutu assailants who sang songs whose lyrics exhorted extermination during the attacks. These attackers were armed and led by local government officials and other public figures. The fact that these massacres occurred is not in dispute. In fact, Kayishema testified that he and others engaged in a clean-up operation after the massacres."
United States of America v. Karl Brandt et al., Case No. 5, Judgement (Military Tribunal No. I), 20 August 1947, reproduced in Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Proceedings, Vol. 2 (1949-53), p. 278:
"A Polish Jew testified before the Tribunal that while confined in Auschwitz concentration camp he was marched to Birkenau and forcibly subjected to severe X-ray exposure and was castrated later in order that the effects of the X-ray could be studied."
[B. Evidentiary comment]:
P.45. Evidence inferred from a circumstance.
P.45.1. Evidence inferred from grouping members of the same group together.
A. Legal source/authority and evidence:
Prosecutor v. Clément Kayishema and Obed Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, Judgement (TC), 21 May 1999, para. 294:
"294. On their way to the gathering places many witnesses saw roadblocks where the perpetrators separated Tutsis from the Hutus. Once the Tutsis reached these places they were injured, mutilated and some of the women were raped. In the end the Tutsis were massacred by Hutu assailants who sang songs whose lyrics exhorted extermination during the attacks. These attackers were armed and led by local government officials and other public figures. The fact that these massacres occurred is not in dispute. In fact, Kayishema testified that he and others engaged in a clean-up operation after the massacres."
United States of America v. Karl Brandt et al., Case No. 5, Judgement (Military Tribunal No. I), 20 August 1947, reproduced in Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Proceedings, Vol. 2 (1949-53), p. 278:
"A Polish Jew testified before the Tribunal that while confined in Auschwitz concentration camp he was marched to Birkenau and forcibly subjected to severe X-ray exposure and was castrated later in order that the effects of the X-ray could be studied."
[B. Evidentiary comment]:
