Our authors

Our Books
More than 875 authors
from all continents

Historical Origins of International Criminal Law
Historical Origins of
International Criminal Law

pficl
Philosophical Foundations of
International Criminal Law

Policy Brief Series

pbs
Four-page briefs on policy challenges in international law

Quality Control
An online library

Our Chinese and Indian authors

li-singh
TOAEP has published more than 90 Chinese and Indian authors

atonement
Art and the ‘politics
of reconciliation’

Integrity in international justice
Online library on integrity in international justice

HomeIcon  FilmIcon  FilmIcon  CILRAP Circulation List TwitterTwitter PDFIcon

Element

7.a. [Mental element for Element 3] [Conduct of invading]: The perpetrator meant to invade the body of a person resulting in penetration, however slight, of any part of the body of the victim or of the perpetrator with a sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim with any object or any other part of the body.

P.17. Evidence inferred from an utterance, a document or a deed.

A. Legal source/authority and evidence:

Prosecutor v. Dragoljub Kunarac et al., Cases No. IT-96-23-T and IT-96-23/1-T, Judgement (TC), 22 February 2001, paras. 589, 647, 701:

"589. […] Vukovic also knew of the rapes which were being perpetrated, as he himself raped FWS-50 that very day in Buk Bijela. Although this rape is not charged in Indictment IT-96-23/1 and will not be considered for conviction or sentencing purposes, it shows Vukovic’s knowledge of and willing participation in the attack upon the Muslim civilians."

"647. On the evidence accepted, the Trial Chamber finds that the Prosecution has proved beyond reasonable doubt that the accused Dragoljub Kunarac took D.B. out of Partizan and drover her to Ulica Osmana Dikica no 16 together with "Gaga". The Trial Chamber accepts that D.B. was raped there first by "Gaga" and two other men and then forced to have sexual intercourse with Dragoljub Kunarac because she had been threatened with death by "Gaga". The Trial Chamber is satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that Dragoljub Kunarac had sexual intercourse with D.B. in the full knowledge that she did not freely consent. The Trial Chamber also accepts that the accused Kunarac was fully aware of the rapes inflicted upon D.B. by the other soldiers."

"701. The Trial Chamber is also satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that, sometime in either September or October 1992, Dragoljub Kunarac went to "Karaman’s house" and took FWS-87 to a room on the upper floor of the house where he forced her to have sexual intercourse in the knowledge that she did not consent."

Prosecutor v. Zejnil Delalić et al., Case No. IT-96-21-T, Judgement (TC), 16 November 1998, para. 962:

"962. The Trial Chamber finds that acts of vaginal penetration by the penis and anal penetration by the penis, under circumstances that were undoubtedly coercive, constitute rape. These rapes were intentionally committed by Hazim Delic who was an official of the Bosnian authorities running the prison-camp."

Lexsitus

Lexsitus logo

CILRAP Film
More than 555 films
freely and immediately available

CMN Knowledge Hub

CMN Knowledge Hub
Online services to help
your work and research

CILRAP Conversations

Our Books
CILRAP Conversations
on World Order

M.C. Bassiouni Justice Award

M.C. Bassiouni Justice Award

CILRAP Podcast

CILRAP Podcast

Our Books
An online library

Power in international justice
Online library on power in international justice

Interviewing
An online library